Photography Basics: Light

source: google images
battery pack: power supply for flash heads that is charged by mains electricity but which works independently and can be used in the field
guide number: a number used to describe the maximum coverage distance of a flash unit for a given lens aperture and film speed/sensitivity
hot shoe: camera accessory shoe with electrical (hot) contacts for triggering flash when shutter is released
slave flash: independently powered flashgun that is triggered by flash of main unit, often of lower power and used as effects light

flash synchronisation: (sometimes called 'sync' or 'synchro') flash synchronisation is the correct timing of the flash to illuminate the whole film frame or digital sensor / timing brief burst of light from flashgun to appear between the opening and closing of the camera shutter
focal plane shutter: camera shutter that operates close to the film/sensor in the plane of focus of the lens - common in digital SLRs and 35mm cameras. Comprises adjustable slit between two 'curtain' that travels to expose film/sensor to light. To synchronise properly with flash, slit must be wide enough to expose whole film/sensor, this limits maximum shutter speed at which flash synchronisation can occur
synch: to time the moment a flash is fired to coincide with the correct opening of the camera shutter for a proper exposure
(source: Basics Photography: Light, David Prakel)

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